[PMP] 프로젝트 관리 구성 요소

Project Management Components

✅ Project Management Process Groups

표

✅ Work Performance Data, Information and Reports

1. Work Performance Data : 원시 데이터 (data comes first)

• raw data and facts about project work
• status of project work assignments
  • percent complete
  • in progress
  • start and finish dates
• data can include :
  • cost of the activities
  • number of change requests
  • defects (결함)
  • durations

2. Work Performance Information : data became information

• analyzed work performance data
• useable information to make decisions
• status to actionable results

3. Work Performance Reports : packaging information and data

• work performance information in communicable formatting
• status reports
• memos
• dashboards
• project updates
• helps stakeholders make decisions

✅ Tailoring the Project Management Processes

1. Choose what processes should be used on a project
2. What depth the processes should be used
3. Not every process is needed on every project
4. The larger the project, the more processes are likely needed

✅ Adaptive Environments : 적응형 환경

✔️ Predictive Life Cycles : 예측 수명 주기

• plan-driven
• waterfall approach (high -> down)
• predicts the project life cycle
• changes to scope are tightly controlled (엄격한 통제)
• 프로젝트 타임라인의 초기에 프로젝트 범위, 시간, 비용을 정의

✔️ Iterative and Incremental Life Cycles : 반복 및 증분 수명 주기

• phases repeat through iterations (반복을 통해 단계가 반복되는 과정을 거침)
• iterations create deliverables (결과물)
• detailed scope is elaborated for each iteration
• changes to the project scope are expected
  ** incremental means you get deliverables in crements

✔️ Adaptive Life Cycle

• change-driven
• agile project management
• rapid iterations or project work
• backlog of requirements
• changes to the project scope are expected

✅ Project Management Business Documents

✔️ Introducing Business Documents

• project business case
• project charter (헌장)
• project management plan
• benefits management plan

✔️ Business Documents for Project Performance

• phase gates within the project
  • 각 프로젝트 단계의 말미, 그리고 다음 단계가 시작되기 전에 이루어짐
  • 지금까지의 프로젝트 업무를 검토, 프로젝트를 진행할 수 있고, 해야하는지 확인할 기회
• actual performance compared to business documents (예측과 실제 결과물 비교)
• decisions of comparison include :
  • continue to the next phase
  • continue to the next phase with modification
  • end the project
  • remain in the phase or
  • repeat the phase or elements of it

✅ Characteristics of Project Business Case

• economic feasibility(타당성) study
• validity(유효성) of benefits the project will create
• future proejct management decisions and actions
• maintained throughout the project
• project sponsor accountable for the development and maintenance
• project manager responsible for providing recommendations(권장 사항)
• business case could be at the program level > not project!

✔️ Business Case USED IN Business Needs

• what is prompting the need for action
• statement documenting the business problem or opportunity to be addressed including the value
• stakeholders affected
• identification of the scope

✔️ Business Case USED IN Project Determination

• organizational strategies, goals, and objectives
• root cause or contributors of an opportunity
• gap analysis of capabilities
• known risks
• critical success factors
• decision criteria

✔️ Business Case > Analysis of a Situation

• RECOMMENDATIONS we make
  1. Required(must) : 필수 사항
  • To be fulfilled to address the problem or opportunity
  • ex) 소프트웨어 개발 - 보안은 필수
  2. Desired : 희망 사항
  • To address the problem or opportunity
  • ex) 웹앱에 맞는 모바일 앱 개발 희망
  3. Optional : 선택 사항
  • Not essential

✔️ Recommendation for a Project

• Do nothing - "business as usual" option
• Do the minimum work possible
• Do more than the minimum work possible

✅ Project Benefits Management Plan : 프로젝트 수익 관리 계획

• A benefit is a project outcome that provides value to the organization and the project beneficiaries
• Document used to define :
  • create the project benefits
  • maximize the project benefits
  • sustain the project benefits

✔️ Characteristics of Project Benefits Management Plan

1. Target Benefit : 목표 수익

• such as expected tangible and intangible value

2. Strategic Alignment : 전략적 제휴

• the project benefits align to the business strategies

3. Timeframe : when will the benefits be realized?

• benefits by phase, short-term, long-term, and ongoing

4. Metrics

• the measures to be used to show benefits realized, direct measures and indirect measures

5. Assumptions

• the factors expected to be in place or to be in evidence

6. Risks

• the risks for realization of benefits

❓ quiz

• 비즈니스 가치란 프로젝트가 조직에 뭔가 긍정적인 기여를 하는 것
• 리스크란 프로젝트에 긍정적 또는 부정적 영향을 미칠 수 있는 불확실한 이벤트
• 프로젝트 헌장 작성은 프로젝트 관리의 모든 구성 요소를 조율하는 프로젝트 통합 관리에 해당
• 프로그램 매니저는 프로젝트 매니저를 관리하고, 그들의 개별 프로젝트 관리에 대한 접근법을 감독
• 프로그램은 더 높은 수준의 통제를 위해 관리되고 협죄되는 관련된 프로젝트로 이루어진 집합체
• 포트폴리오는 조직의 전략적 목표를 반영한 조직적 범위를 갖음 / 관리는 경영진
• 프로그램은 프로젝트보다 큰 범위를 가지며 포트폴리오의 일부일 수 있음
• 프로젝트 포트폴리오 관리는 조직 내에서 프로젝트를 선정하고 우선순위를 정하는 과정