[C++]하부 구조

Philip Sung·2023년 4월 5일

cpp

[C++]

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01 개요

본 문서에서는 C++에서 사용하는 표준 라이브러리 등의 구현을 위하여 자주 사용되는 C++의 하부구조수준의 라이브러리들에 관한 내용을 다룬다.

최종수정일 : 2023.04.05

02 allocator

작성 기준 C++ Version : C++98

02.01 구조

`
#include <memory>

template <class T> class allocator;
`

02.02 멤버변수

member	definition	represent
value_type	T	Element type
pointer	T*	Pointer to element
reference	T&	Reference to element
const_pointer	const T*	Pointer to const element
const_reference	const T&	Reference to const element
size_type	size_t	Quantities of elements
difference_type	ptrdiff_t	Difference between two pointers
rebind<Type>	member class	Its member type other is the equivalent allocator type to allocate elements of type Type

02.03 멤버함수

member	function
(constructor)	Construct allocator object (public member function)
(destructor)	Allocator destructor (public member function)
address	Return address (public member function)
allocate	Allocate block of storage (public member function)
deallocate	Release block of storage (public member function)
max_size	Maximum size possible to allocate (public member function)
construct	Construct an object (public member function)
destroy	Destroy an object (public member function)

03 traits

작성 기준 C++ Version : C++98

03.01 구조

`
#include <string>

template <class charT>
struct char_traits;
template <>
struct char_traits<char>;
template <>
struct char_traits<wchar_t>;

//Details
template<class charT> 
struct char_traits {

 typedef charT		char_type;
 typedef INT_T		int_type;
 typedef POS_T		pos_type;
 typedef OFF_T		off_type;
 typedef STATE_T	state_type;

 static char_type to_char_type(const int_type&); 
 static int_type to_int_type(const char_type&);
 static bool eq(const char_type&,const char_type&);
 static bool eq_int_type(const int_type&, const int_type&);
 static int_type eof();
 static int_type not_eof(const int_type&);
 static void assign(char_type&,const char_type&);
 static bool lt(const char_type&, const char_type&);
 static int compare(const char_type*, const char_type*,size_t);
 static size_t length(const char_type*);
 static const char_type* find(const char_type*,int n, const char_type&);
 static char_type* move(char_type*, const char_type*,size_t);
 static char_type* copy(char_type*,const char_type*, size_t);
 static char_type* assign(char_type*,size_t, const char_type&);
};
`

03.02 멤버변수

char_traits는 별도의 멤버 변수를 가지지 않고, 오직 추상화된 데이터형 정의를 갖는다.

03.03 멤버함수

Member function	Description
assign	Assigns one character value to another.
compare	Compares up to a specified number of characters in two strings.
copy	Copies a specified number of characters from one string to another.
_Copy_s	Copies a specified number of characters from one string to another.
eof	Returns the end-of-file (EOF) character.
eq	Tests whether two char_type characters are equal.
eq_int_type	Tests whether two characters represented as int_types are equal.
find	Searches for the first occurrence of a specified character in a range of characters.
length	Returns the length of a string.
lt	Tests whether one character is less than another.
move	Copies a specified number of characters in a sequence to another, possible overlapping, sequence. Deprecated. Use char_traits::_Move_s instead.
_Move_s	Copies a specified number of characters in a sequence to another, possible overlapping, sequence.
not_eof	Tests whether a character is the end-of-file (EOF) character.
to_char_type	Converts an int_type character to the corresponding char_type character and returns the result.
to_int_type	Converts a char_type character to the corresponding int_type character and returns the result.

04 iterator

04.01 구조

`
#include <iterator>
template <
	class Category,
	class T,
	class Distance = ptrdiff_t,
	class Pointer = T*,
	class Reference = T&
>
struct iterator {
   typedef T         value_type;
   typedef Distance  difference_type;
   typedef Pointer   pointer;
   typedef Reference reference;
   typedef Category  iterator_category;
};
`

04.02 멤버 변수

iterator는 별도의 멤버 변수를 가지지 않고, 오직 추상화된 데이터형 정의를 갖는다.

04.03 멤버 함수

Member function	Description
advance	Advances the iterator it by n element positions.
distance	Calculates the number of elements between first and last.
begin	Returns an iterator pointing to the first element in the sequence
end	Returns an iterator pointing to the past-the-end element in the sequence
prev	Returns an iterator pointing to the element that it would be pointing to if advanced -n positions.
next	Returns an iterator pointing to the element that it would be pointing to if advanced n positions.
inserter	Constructs an insert iterator that inserts new elements into x in successive locations starting at the position pointed by it.
front_inserter	Constructs a front-insert iterator that inserts new elements at the beginning of x.
back_inserter	Constructs a back-insert iterator that inserts new elements at the end of x.
make_move_iterator	A move_iterator is an iterator adaptor that adapts an iterator (it) so that dereferencing it produces rvalue references (as if std::move was applied), while all other operations behave the same.