Past simple

• 과거에 끝난 행동, 상태 - 현재와의 대조

Dickens wrote Oliver Twist in 1838.
Leonardo painted the Mona lisa.

• 새로운 소식(현재 완료)에 추가하는 구체적 설명

I've hurt my leg. I fell of a ladder when I was painting my bedroom.
I've been on holiday. I went to Spain and Portugal.

• 연속되는 과거 동작들

I tripped and landed on my knees.
He took off his hat and came forward. The floorboard creaked under his boots.

• Used to / Would

'Would' only describes past "actions", not states.
'Used to' for both actions and states.

Used to
: 과거 습관, 동작, 상태(현재에는 지속되지 않음 강조)

He used to smoke a lot.
There used to be a shop on the corner.

Would
: 과거 어느 시기에 반복된 전형적 행동.

In summer, we would take trips to the country.
We would sometimes buy fresh strawberries.

past continuous

과거 어느 특정 시점에 진행 중이던 동작

He was eating lunch at 2:00 pm yesterday.
During the 1980s, many people were leaving the south and moving to the north...

동작이 얼마나 오래 동안 지속되었는지 강조
we were cooking all morning because we had 15 people coming for lunch

화자를 짜증나게 하는 반복된 행동(always, constantly, forever)
she was constantly phoning me
he was always leaving the tap running

overlapping actions

I was walking to the station when I met John.

when + short / long actions
while + long actions

이야기 배경
서로 연관되지 않은 두 가지 행동이 동시에 진행