RateDiscountPolicy 개발

package basics.core.discount;

import basics.core.member.Grade;
import basics.core.member.Member;

public class RateDiscountPolicy implements DiscountPolicy {

    private int discountPercent = 10;

    @Override
    public int discount(Member member, int price) {
        if (member.getGrade() == Grade.VIP) {
            return price * discountPercent / 100;
        } else {
            return 0;
        }
    }
}

하지만

public class OrderServiceImpl implements OrderService {
    private final MemberRepository memberRepository = new MemoryMemberRepository();
//    private final DiscountPolicy discountPolicy = new FixDiscountPolicy();
    private final DiscountPolicy discountPolicy = new RateDiscountPolicy();

    @Override
    public Order createOrder(Long memberId, String itemName, int itemPrice) {
        Member member = memberRepository.findById(memberId);
        int discountPrice = discountPolicy.discount(member, itemPrice);

        return new Order(memberId, itemName, itemPrice, discountPrice);
    }
}

구체적인 인스턴스에 의존하는 코드를 짜버렸다. 그래서 의존하지 않는 코드를 짜면,

public class OrderServiceImpl implements OrderService {
    private final MemberRepository memberRepository = new MemoryMemberRepository();
    private DiscountPolicy discountPolicy;;

    @Override
    public Order createOrder(Long memberId, String itemName, int itemPrice) {
        Member member = memberRepository.findById(memberId);
        int discountPrice = discountPolicy.discount(member, itemPrice);

        return new Order(memberId, itemName, itemPrice, discountPrice);
    }
}

구현체가 없어 실제 실행을 해보면 NPE(null pointer exception)가 발생한다.

=> 누군가 대신 구현 객체를 생성해 주입해줘야 한다 => appConfig의 등장
appConfig에서 생성자를 통해서 주입이 됨

AppConfig

package basics.core;

import basics.core.discount.DiscountPolicy;
import basics.core.discount.FixDiscountPolicy;
import basics.core.discount.RateDiscountPolicy;
import basics.core.member.MemberService;
import basics.core.member.MemberServiceImpl;
import basics.core.member.MemoryMemberRepository;
import basics.core.order.OrderService;
import basics.core.order.OrderServiceImpl;

public class AppConfig {

    public MemberService memberService() {
        return new MemberServiceImpl(memberRepository());
    }

    private MemoryMemberRepository memberRepository() {
        return new MemoryMemberRepository();
    }

    public OrderService orderService() {
        return new OrderServiceImpl(memberRepository(), discountPolicy());
    }

    public DiscountPolicy discountPolicy() {
//        return new FixDiscountPolicy();
        return new RateDiscountPolicy();

    }
}

MemberServiceImpl

package basics.core.member;

public class MemberServiceImpl implements MemberService {
    private final MemberRepository memberRepository;

    public MemberServiceImpl(MemberRepository memberRepository) {
        this.memberRepository = memberRepository;
    }
    
    @Override
    public void join(Member member) {
        memberRepository.save(member);
    }

    @Override
    public Member findMember(Long memberId) {
        return memberRepository.findById(memberId);
    }
}

OrderServiceImpl

package basics.core.order;

import basics.core.discount.DiscountPolicy;
import basics.core.member.Member;
import basics.core.member.MemberRepository;

public class OrderServiceImpl implements OrderService {
    private final MemberRepository memberRepository;
    private final DiscountPolicy discountPolicy;;

    public OrderServiceImpl(MemberRepository memberRepository, DiscountPolicy discountPolicy) {
        this.memberRepository = memberRepository;
        this.discountPolicy = discountPolicy;
    }

    @Override
    public Order createOrder(Long memberId, String itemName, int itemPrice) {
        Member member = memberRepository.findById(memberId);
        int discountPrice = discountPolicy.discount(member, itemPrice);

        return new Order(memberId, itemName, itemPrice, discountPrice);
    }
}

MemberApp

package basics.core;
import basics.core.AppConfig;
import basics.core.member.Grade;
import basics.core.member.Member;
import basics.core.member.MemberService;

public class MemberApp {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        AppConfig appConfig = new AppConfig();
        MemberService memberService = appConfig.memberService();
        Member member = new Member(1L, "memberA", Grade.VIP);
        memberService.join(member);
        Member findMember = memberService.findMember(1L);
        System.out.println("new member = " + member.getName());
        System.out.println("find Member = " + findMember.getName());
    }
}

OrderApp

package basics.core;

import basics.core.member.Grade;
import basics.core.member.Member;
import basics.core.member.MemberService;
import basics.core.order.Order;
import basics.core.order.OrderService;

public class OrderApp {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        AppConfig appConfig = new AppConfig();

        MemberService memberService = appConfig.memberService();
        OrderService orderService = appConfig.orderService();

        Long memberId = 1L;
        Member member = new Member(memberId, "memberA", Grade.VIP);
        memberService.join(member);

        Order order = orderService.createOrder(memberId, "itemA", 10000);

        System.out.println("order = " + order);
    }
}

제어의 역전
모든 제어권은 AppConfig가 갖고, 나머지 소스코드는 자기 로직만 수행한다.
AppConfig 처럼 객체를 생성하고 관리하면서 의존관계를 연결해 주는 것을 IoC 컨테이너 또는 DI 컨테이너라 한다.

정적의존관계 vs 동적 의존관계

정적인 클래스 의존관계
클래스가 사용하는 import 코드만 보고 의존관계를 쉽게 판단할 수 있다. 정적인 의존관계는 애플리케이션을 실행하지 않아도 분석할 수 있다. 클래스 다이어그램을 보자
OrderServiceImpl 은 MemberRepository , DiscountPolicy 에 의존한다는 것을 알 수 있다.
그런데 이러한 클래스 의존관계 만으로는 실제 어떤 객체가 OrderServiceImpl 에 주입 될지 알 수 없다.

동적인 객체 인스턴스 의존 관계
애플리케이션 실행 시점에 실제 생성된 객체 인스턴스의 참조가 연결된 의존 관계다.

스프링으로 변경

package basics.core;

import basics.core.discount.DiscountPolicy;
import basics.core.discount.FixDiscountPolicy;
import basics.core.discount.RateDiscountPolicy;
import basics.core.member.MemberService;
import basics.core.member.MemberServiceImpl;
import basics.core.member.MemoryMemberRepository;
import basics.core.order.OrderService;
import basics.core.order.OrderServiceImpl;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;

@Configuration
public class AppConfig {

    @Bean
    public MemberService memberService() {
        return new MemberServiceImpl(memberRepository());
    }

    @Bean
    public MemoryMemberRepository memberRepository() {
        return new MemoryMemberRepository();
    }

    @Bean
    public OrderService orderService() {
        return new OrderServiceImpl(memberRepository(), discountPolicy());
    }

    @Bean
    public DiscountPolicy discountPolicy() {
//        return new FixDiscountPolicy();
        return new RateDiscountPolicy();

    }
}

AppConfig에 @Bean 어노테이션 추가

package basics.core;
import basics.core.AppConfig;
import basics.core.member.Grade;
import basics.core.member.Member;
import basics.core.member.MemberService;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.AnnotationConfigApplicationContext;

public class MemberApp {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
//        AppConfig appConfig = new AppConfig();
//        MemberService memberService = appConfig.memberService();
        ApplicationContext applicationContext = new AnnotationConfigApplicationContext(AppConfig.class);
        MemberService memberService = applicationContext.getBean("memberService", MemberService.class);

        Member member = new Member(1L, "memberA", Grade.VIP);
        memberService.join(member);
        Member findMember = memberService.findMember(1L);
        System.out.println("new member = " + member.getName());
        System.out.println("find Member = " + findMember.getName());
    }
}

package basics.core;

import basics.core.member.Grade;
import basics.core.member.Member;
import basics.core.member.MemberService;
import basics.core.order.Order;
import basics.core.order.OrderService;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.AnnotationConfigApplicationContext;

public class OrderApp {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
//        AppConfig appConfig = new AppConfig();

//        MemberService memberService = appConfig.memberService();
//        OrderService orderService = appConfig.orderService();

        ApplicationContext applicationContext = new AnnotationConfigApplicationContext(AppConfig.class);
        MemberService memberService = applicationContext.getBean("memberService", MemberService.class);
        OrderService orderService = applicationContext.getBean("orderService", OrderService.class);

        Long memberId = 1L;
        Member member = new Member(memberId, "memberA", Grade.VIP);
        memberService.join(member);

        Order order = orderService.createOrder(memberId, "itemA", 10000);

        System.out.println("order = " + order);
    }
}

ApplicationContext를 통해 @Bean으로 등록된 객체를 가져옴

기존에는 개발자가 AppConfig 를 사용해서 직접 객체를 생성하고 DI를 했지만, 이제부터는 스프링 컨테이너를 통해서 사용한다.
스프링 컨테이너는 @Configuration 이 붙은 AppConfig 를 설정(구성) 정보로 사용한다. 여기서 @Bean 이라 적힌 메서드를 모두 호출해서 반환된 객체를 스프링 컨테이너에 등록한다. 이렇게 스프링 컨테이너에 등록된 객체를 스프링 빈이라 한다.
스프링 빈은 @Bean 이 붙은 메서드의 명을 스프링 빈의 이름으로 사용한다. ( memberService , orderService )
이전에는 개발자가 필요한 객체를 AppConfig 를 사용해서 직접 조회했지만, 이제부터는 스프링 컨테이너를 통해서 필요한 스프링 빈(객체)를 찾아야 한다. 스프링 빈은 applicationContext.getBean() 메서드를 사용해서 찾을 수 있다.
기존에는 개발자가 직접 자바코드로 모든 것을 했다면 이제부터는 스프링 컨테이너에 객체를 스프링 빈으로 등록하고, 스프링 컨테이너에서 스프링 빈을 찾아서 사용하도록 변경되었다.