Spring 입문 JDBC

build.gradle에 h2와 jdbc를 추가합니다.

implementation 'org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-starter-jdbc'
runtimeOnly 'com.h2database:h2'

스프링부트 데이터베이스 연결 설정을 추가합니다.
resources/application.properties에 다음 코드를 추가합니다.

spring.datasource.url=jdbc:h2:tcp://localhost/~/test
spring.datasource.driver-class-name=org.h2.Driver
spring.datasource.username=sa

이제 jdbc를 사용한 멤버 레파지토리를 만들어 보겠습니다.

repository 디렉토리에 JdbcMemberRepository를 생성합니다.

다음 implements MemberRepository 코드를 추가하여 구현체를 사용합니다.

alt + enter 키를 누르면 틀이 자동으로 만들어집니다.

package hello.hellospring.repository;

import hello.hellospring.domain.Member;

import java.util.List;
import java.util.Optional;

public class JdbcMemberRepository implements MemberRepository{

    @Override
    public Member save(Member member) {
        return null;
    }

    @Override
    public Optional<Member> findById(Long id) {
        return Optional.empty();
    }

    @Override
    public Optional<Member> findByName(String name) {
        return Optional.empty();
    }

    @Override
    public List<Member> findAll() {
        return null;
    }
}

이런식으로 틀이 만들어지는 것을 확인할 수 있습니다. 이제 함수를 jdbd를 사용하게끔 수정하면 됩니다.

수정은 직접 코드를 짜지 않고 샘플 코드를 사용하였습니다.

package hello.hellospring.repository;
import hello.hellospring.domain.Member;
import org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DataSourceUtils;
import javax.sql.DataSource;
import java.sql.*;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Optional;
public class JdbcMemberRepository implements MemberRepository {
    private final DataSource dataSource;

    public JdbcMemberRepository(DataSource dataSource) {
        this.dataSource = dataSource;
    }

    @Override
    public Member save(Member member) {
        String sql = "insert into member(name) values(?)";
        Connection conn = null;
        PreparedStatement pstmt = null;
        ResultSet rs = null;
        try {
            conn = getConnection();
            pstmt = conn.prepareStatement(sql,Statement.RETURN_GENERATED_KEYS);
            pstmt.setString(1, member.getName());
            pstmt.executeUpdate();
            rs = pstmt.getGeneratedKeys();
            if (rs.next()) {
                member.setId(rs.getLong(1));
            } else {
                throw new SQLException("id 조회 실패");
            }
            return member;
        } catch (Exception e) {
            throw new IllegalStateException(e);
        } finally {
            close(conn, pstmt, rs);
        }
    }

    @Override
    public Optional<Member> findById(Long id) {
        String sql = "select * from member where id = ?";
        Connection conn = null;
        PreparedStatement pstmt = null;
        ResultSet rs = null;
        try {
            conn
                    = getConnection();
            pstmt
                    = conn.prepareStatement(sql);
            pstmt.setLong(1, id);
            rs
                    = pstmt.executeQuery();
            if (rs.next()) {
                Member member = new Member();
                member.setId(rs.getLong("id"));
                member.setName(rs.getString("name"));
                return Optional.of(member);
            } else {
                return Optional.empty();
            }
        } catch (Exception e) {
            throw new IllegalStateException(e);
        } finally {
            close(conn, pstmt, rs);
        }
    }

    @Override
    public List<Member> findAll() {
        String sql = "select * from member";
        Connection conn = null;
        PreparedStatement pstmt = null;
        ResultSet rs = null;
        try {
            conn = getConnection();
            pstmt = conn.prepareStatement(sql);
            rs =pstmt.executeQuery();
            List<Member> members = new ArrayList<>();
            while (rs.next()) {
                Member member = new Member();
                member.setId(rs.getLong("id"));
                member.setName(rs.getString("name"));
                members.add(member);
            }
            return members;
        } catch (Exception e) {
            throw new IllegalStateException(e);
        } finally {
            close(conn, pstmt, rs);
        }
    }

    @Override
    public Optional<Member> findByName(String name) {
        String sql = "select * from member where name = ?";
        Connection conn = null;
        PreparedStatement pstmt = null;
        ResultSet rs = null;
        try {
            conn = getConnection();
            pstmt = conn.prepareStatement(sql);
            pstmt.setString(1, name);
            rs = pstmt.executeQuery();
            if (rs.next()) {
                Member member = new Member();
                member.setId(rs.getLong("id"));
                member.setName(rs.getString("name"));
                return Optional.of(member);
            }
            return Optional.empty();
        } catch (Exception e) {
            throw new IllegalStateException(e);
        } finally {
            close(conn, pstmt, rs);
        }
    }

    private Connection getConnection() {
        return DataSourceUtils.getConnection(dataSource);
    }

    private void close(Connection conn, PreparedStatement pstmt, ResultSet rs) {
        try {
            if (rs != null) {
                rs.close();
            }
        } catch (SQLException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        try {
            if (pstmt != null) {
                pstmt.close();
            }
        } catch (SQLException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        try {
            if (conn != null) {
                close(conn);
            }
        } catch (SQLException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

    private void close(Connection conn) throws SQLException {
        DataSourceUtils.releaseConnection(conn, dataSource);
    }
}

config파일을 수정하여 기존 repository에서 jdbc member repository로 수정합니다.

package hello.hellospring;
import hello.hellospring.repository.JdbcMemberRepository;
import hello.hellospring.repository.MemberRepository;
import hello.hellospring.repository.MemoryMemberRepository;
import hello.hellospring.service.MemberService;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;

import javax.sql.DataSource;
@Configuration

public class SpringConfig {
    private final DataSource dataSource;
    public SpringConfig(DataSource dataSource) {
        this.dataSource = dataSource;
    }
    @Bean
    public MemberService memberService() {
        return new MemberService(memberRepository());
    }
    @Bean
    public MemberRepository memberRepository() {
        // return new MemoryMemberRepository();
        return new JdbcMemberRepository(dataSource);
    }
}

이 과정을 통해 기존 memory member repository에서 jdbd member repository로 전환된 것입니다.

개방 -폐쇄 원칙

확장에는 열려있고, 수정, 변경에는 닫혀있다.